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Sh2-129 – Flying Bat Nebula and Ou4 – Squid Nebula

Sh2-129, known as the Flying Bat Nebula, is an extensive emission nebula in the constellation Cepheus, with an approximate magnitude of +10. Embedded within this region is Ou4, known as the Squid Nebula, a very faint bipolar structure that stands out primarily through its OIII emission. Photographed as an HOO composition, these objects have been among the most difficult I have captured because of Ou4's extremely faint signal. Processing was also particularly complex because the Squid's faint OIII emission overlaps the intense Hα emission from Sh2-129. Nearly 24 hours of integration and several additional hours of processing were required to reveal the complex's faintest structures. The data were captured over seven sessions on 28, 29 and 30 September, 17 and 18 October, and 4 and 5 November 2023.

General information

Constellation
Cepheus
Category
Nebulae
Date
5 November 2023

Capture

Total time
23h 50min
Subframes
300s (Ha: 66x bin1, OIII: 220x bin2). Mean airmass per session: Ha: 1,064–1,250; OIII: 1,065–1,350
Gain / Offset
125 / 30
Calibration
50 dark frames, 40 flat frames and 40 dark-flat frames, without bias frames

Equipment

Telescope
TS102 f/5.6 (f/7 with corrector-flattener 0,8x)
Camera
ZWO ASI294MM at -10 °C
Filters
Ha and OIII Astronomik, 36 mm and 6 nm
Mount
Sky-Watcher HEQ5 Pro with belt drive
Guiding
PHD2, Guide scope 60 mm f/4 + ASI224MC + PegasusAstro UCH + PPBMicro
Focuser
ZWO EAF
Filter wheel
ZWO EFW, 36 mm and 7 positions

Processing and environment

Processing
Stacked and post-processed with PixInsight 1.8.9-2; estirament with STF and HistogramTransformation; mapatge HOO with PixelMath (R = Ha, G = OIII, B = OIII)
Acquisition
NINA, Cartes du Ciel (CDC) and PHD2; autofocus enabled per filter and focusing every 60 minuts
Location
l'Ampolla
Sky
Bortle 4

Additional versions

Alternative processingAlternative version of the Sh2-129 and Ou4 complex with colour mapping that highlights the Squid Nebula's faint bipolar structure.